Ammonium Polyphosphate APP
| HS Code | 993586 |
| Chemical Formula | (NH4)n+2PnO3n+1 |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Density | 1.9 - 2.3 g/cm³ |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Thermal Stability | High, decomposes above 250 - 300 °C |
| Melting Point | Decomposes before melting |
| Ph Value | Neutral in aqueous suspension |
| Fire Retardant Effectiveness | High, acts as a char - forming agent |
| Particle Size | Can be controlled, typically in the range of a few micrometers to tens of micrometers |
| Nitrogen Content | Varies, around 12 - 20% |
| Phosphorus Content | Varies, around 20 - 30% |
| Crystalline Structure | Amorphous or crystalline depending on production method |
| Odor | Odorless |
As an accredited Ammonium Polyphosphate APP factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ammonium Polyphosphate APP is packaged in thick kraft paper bags lined with plastic film, and the bag mouth is tied with hemp rope and then covered with wax seal; if it is transported in large quantities, it is packed in iron barrels, and the barrel lid is added with rubber gaskets, tightened and then reinforced with iron hoops to prevent moisture leakage. |
| Storage | When storing Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, a high and dry warehouse should be selected, and a wooden platform three feet above the ground should be built to allow ventilation and air permeability, and to avoid fire sources and water vapor. When stacking, leave a row of about a foot, and the stacking should not exceed five layers, so as to avoid the risk of agglomeration. |
| Shipping | When transporting Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, the car or boat should be tied with ropes, and covered with oilcloth in case of rain or snow. When unloading, lift and put gently, and do not damage the packaging, causing the Ammonium Polyphosphate APP to scatter. |
Competitive Ammonium Polyphosphate APP prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615380400285 or mail to sales2@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615380400285
Email: sales2@liwei-chem.com
Historical Development
In ancient times, fire prevention methods such as mud coating and water immersion were often used. In recent times, with the development of industry, there are more and more flammable materials. Craftsmen are looking for fireproof materials. Ammonium Polyphosphate APP was born to meet the needs. When it was first made, the process was simple and the purity was not high. After decades of improvement, it can now be made in batches and has a significant fireproof effect.
Product Overview
Ammonium Polyphosphate APP is mostly white powder or slightly yellow granules, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water, stable, flame retardant, and can also be used as a fertilizer supplement. It contains phosphorus and nitrogen.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Ammonium Polyphosphate APP has a density slightly greater than water and a very high melting point. It is difficult to burn in fire. It decomposes when heated, releasing ammonia and phosphoric acid, which can prevent the spread of fire. Its powder feels slightly astringent to the skin and is not highly corrosive.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
The standards for Ammonium Polyphosphate APP are based on the degree of polymerization, phosphorus content, and nitrogen content. The full name Ammonium Polyphosphate APP must be written on the label, along with the purity (not less than 95%), particle size, production date, storage method, and fire warning.
Preparation Method
To prepare Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, ammonium phosphate and urea are usually used as raw materials. They are placed in a reactor, heated to more than 200 degrees, stirred to melt, and polymerized for several hours. After cooling, they are crushed to obtain Ammonium Polyphosphate APP. The process requires precise temperature control.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Ammonium Polyphosphate APP decomposes into phosphoric acid and ammonia when exposed to strong heat. It reacts with a strong alkaline solution to generate the corresponding phosphate. If heated with metal oxides, it can form a flame-retardant complex.
Synonyms & Product Names
Ammonium Polyphosphate APP is a widely used name in the world. Although it is also called "ammonium polyphosphate", in trade and documents, the full name Ammonium Polyphosphate APP must be used to indicate the standard.
Safety & Operational Standards
When handling Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, you need to wear cotton gloves and cover your mouth and nose to prevent inhalation of powder. If it accidentally enters your eyes, rinse with clean water immediately; when used in flame retardant products, you need to mix it according to the ratio and do not use too much.
Application Area
Ammonium Polyphosphate APP is mostly used for flame retardant plastics, rubbers, and coatings. It can prevent combustion when added to them; it is also used in the manufacture of compound fertilizers and mixed with other fertilizers to help crop growth.
Research & Development
Today's scholars and craftsmen are still studying new uses for Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, such as its potential in flame retardant building materials and fabrics, and at the same time improving the production method to make it easier to disperse and have a longer flame retardant effect.
Toxicity Research
The toxicity of Ammonium Polyphosphate APP is very low, but long-term inhalation of its powder may damage the lungs, so it is necessary to strictly follow the protective rules when handling it and store it out of reach of children.
Future Prospects
In the future, as industry grows, the need for fire prevention will increase. Ammonium Polyphosphate APP will have a long demand due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Its preparation method will also be more refined, or it can be combined with other materials to produce a stronger flame retardant effect, which will benefit both workers and farmers.
Where to Buy Ammonium Polyphosphate APP in China?
As a trusted Ammonium Polyphosphate APP manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading Ammonium Polyphosphate APP supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
How to remove impurities in the preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate APP?
In the preparation of this material, the raw material phosphoric acid needs to be adsorbed by activated carbon to remove pigments and organic matter; ammonia needs to be washed with alkali to remove impurities such as hydrogen sulfide. The reactor needs to be cleaned with nitric acid to remove metal ions. After the polymerization is completed, the product is dissolved in hot water, filtered to remove insoluble matter, and then cooled and crystallized. This is repeated twice, and the purity can reach 99.5%. It is as impurities as dust, and it needs to be filtered layer by layer to obtain pure Ammonium Polyphosphate APP, so that the flame retardant effect is not disturbed and the expansion is uniform when exposed to fire.
How to add Ammonium Polyphosphate APP in plastic processing?
Blend Ammonium Polyphosphate APP with plastic particles, and the addition amount accounts for 15% to 25%, depending on the flame retardant grade. The mixing temperature must be lower than 200℃ to prevent its decomposition. If the temperature is too high when kneading the dough, it will lose its properties. Granulate it through a twin-screw extruder to make the particles evenly dispersed without agglomeration. When used in polyethylene, it can be used together with talcum powder to enhance mechanical properties; when used in polypropylene, a compatibilizer needs to be added to prevent interfacial peeling. With such addition, the carbon layer of the plastic is dense when it burns, and the flame retardant level can reach UL94 V-0.
What changes will occur in long-term storage of Ammonium Polyphosphate APP?
The purity of this product will not decrease significantly within three years of storage, but it needs to be well sealed to prevent ammonia from escaping. If the packaging is damaged, it will slowly absorb moisture in the air and form lumps on the surface, but it can still be used after being crushed, and the flame retardant effect will not be reduced. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays will slightly turn yellow, but it will not affect the performance. Long-term contact with air will not cause oxidation, so there is no need for vacuum storage. Its stability is like ancient jade, which can be stored for a long time without changing its quality. It only needs to be kept away from moisture and sun, and it can be stored for a long time.
How does Ammonium Polyphosphate APP work synergistically with other flame retardants?
When used in combination with melamine, the flame retardant effect is doubled. When the ratio of the two is three to one, the carbon layer can expand up to ten times its original volume. When compounded with pentaerythritol, it forms a honeycomb carbon layer with better heat insulation, which is suitable for polyurethane materials. When mixed with aluminum hydroxide, it has both flame retardancy and smoke suppression, reducing the smoke density by 50%. Compared with brominated flame retardants, it does not release toxic gases and is more environmentally friendly. The synergistic effect is like two people working together, which can break metal, making the material flame retardant more comprehensive.
How to distinguish the authenticity of Ammonium Polyphosphate APP?
When burning a sample, the real Ammonium Polyphosphate APP will expand and foam, forming a white carbon layer without black smoke; the fake will burn violently and have a peculiar smell. When measuring its pH value, the authentic aqueous solution is weakly acidic, with a pH of about 5.5; the fake is alkaline or acidic. When dissolved in hot water, the authentic has low solubility and the solution is turbid; if the fake is ordinary ammonium phosphate, it is easy to dissolve and clarify. Weighing the same volume of samples, the authentic is heavier due to its high density. This identification, like testing gold by color, can identify the authenticity.
