Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)
| HS Code | 687524 |
| Chemical Formula | (NH4)n+2PnO3n+1 |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Density | 1.95 - 2.3 g/cm³ |
| Thermal Stability | High, decomposes above 250°C |
| Ph Value Aqueous Solution | Near - neutral |
| Melting Point | Decomposes before melting |
| Particle Size Typical | Fine powder, usually <100 μm |
| Phosphorus Content | High (about 30 - 32% P2O5 equivalent) |
| Nitrogen Content | Around 14 - 15% |
| Flame Retardant Mechanism | Char - forming and gas - phase inhibition |
| Crystalline Structure | Amorphous or semi - crystalline |
As an accredited Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is packaged in industrial flame retardant iron barrels, with corrosion-resistant paint inside the barrels, rubber pads embedded in the lids, and iron hoops reinforced after tightening; plastic barrels for special paint grades are used, with threaded seals on the barrel mouths and anti-slip patterns on the outside, which are convenient for handling and prevent moisture absorption. |
| Storage | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse. The iron barrels should be placed off the ground, and the plastic barrels should be placed on wooden pallets, away from open flames, high temperatures and strong acids. The stacking height should not exceed three layers. Check once a month. During the rainy season, quicklime should be placed in the corner of the warehouse to absorb moisture and avoid caking. |
| Shipping | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is transported in a covered truck. Wooden boards are placed between iron barrels to prevent collisions. Plastic barrels are covered with nylon mesh bags to prevent slipping. Double-layer tarpaulins are needed in rainy days. Throwing is prohibited during loading and unloading. If the packaging is damaged, it should be immediately transferred in a plastic bag to prevent Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) from being scattered and damp. |
Competitive Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615380400285 or mail to sales2@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615380400285
Email: sales2@liwei-chem.com
Historical Development
In ancient times, fire prevention relied on mud and stone. In recent years, paints and plastics need long-lasting flame retardancy. Craftsmen have improved the craftsmanship based on APP, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) was born to meet the needs. At first, it had poor dispersibility, but after more than ten years of improvement, it has good compatibility with paints and has become an important material for fire-retardant paints.
Product Overview
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is a white fine powder with no odor, insoluble in water, strong heat resistance, decomposes to form an expanded carbon layer when exposed to fire, and has a long-lasting flame retardant effect. It is mostly used in solvent-based coatings, polyurethane foams, and can also be used as a flame retardant additive for rubber.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) has a density greater than water, uniform particle size, smooth feel, and a melting point of about 270℃. It does not melt when heated but decomposes to release ammonia and phosphoric acid. It does not burn, is non-irritating to the skin, and is stable at room temperature.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
The specifications of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) are: degree of polymerization ≥800, phosphorus content ≥30%, nitrogen content ≥14%, moisture ≤0.3%. The full name Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) must be written on the label, and information such as particle size, purity and flame retardant grade must be included.
Preparation Method
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is usually prepared with diammonium hydrogen phosphate and urea as raw materials. They are placed in a reactor and heated to 230℃ for polymerization. After crushing and air separation, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) can be obtained. The temperature must be controlled during the process to ensure fineness.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) will decompose into polyphosphoric acid and ammonia when exposed to strong heat, and react with pentaerythritol to form an expanded carbon layer. It does not react with coating components at room temperature and has stable performance during storage.
Synonyms & Product Names
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is also known as "ammonium polyphosphate (type 3)", but the full name Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) must be used in trade documents to indicate the model.
Safety & Operational Standards
When handling Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3), wear a dust mask to prevent the powder from entering the lungs. Ventilate when mixing. If it gets into the eyes, rinse with clean water. Wash hands after work. Open flames are prohibited in the storage area.
Application Area
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is mostly used in steel structure fire retardant coatings, applied to steel beams and columns; it is also used for flame retardant insulation materials and is widely used in building and ship fire protection.
Research & Development
Artisans are researching the compounding of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) with nano clay to improve the flame retardant effect, while improving the crushing process, reducing the particle size, and increasing the leveling of the coating.
Toxicity Research
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is slightly toxic, with an oral LD50 of >10000mg/kg in rats. Long-term inhalation of the powder may cause coughing, so protection is required when handling it and it should be stored out of reach of children.
Future Prospects
As building fire protection standards become stricter, the demand for Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) will increase, and its process will develop towards low hygroscopicity, or it may be used for fire protection of new energy equipment to maximize its flame retardant properties.
Where to Buy Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) in China?
As a trusted Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
Why is it necessary to introduce a modifier when preparing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
The preparation of this material is based on the methods of APP-1 and APP-2, with a modification process added. After the polymerization is completed, the molten material is mixed with 5% silane coupling agent, sheared by a twin-screw extruder, so that the coupling agent molecules are grafted to the ends of the APP chains, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is obtained. The modifier is like a bridge, with one end connected to APP and the other end connected to the resin, which can enhance the compatibility of the two. The unmodified one is easy to agglomerate when mixed with polypropylene. After modification, the dispersed particle size is reduced to less than 5μm, and the tensile strength retention rate is increased from 60% to 85%. The process is like coating wheat grains with sugar, so that the originally hydrophobic APP can be tightly bonded with the resin, which is suitable for incompatible systems such as polyolefins, and broadens the application scenarios.
What is the effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) in polyolefin plastics?
This product is a good material for polyolefin flame retardant. When used in polypropylene, the addition amount is 25%, supplemented with 10% talcum powder, and the oxygen index is increased from 18% to 28%, reaching UL94 V-0 level. After injection molding, the surface of the product has no pitting, and the glossiness is 20% higher than that of unmodified APP. Its melt flow rate matches that of polypropylene, and the die head is not blocked during processing, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%. When burning, the carbon layer expands to 12 times the original thickness, and the structure is dense, which can block oxygen for more than 30 minutes. In the -40℃ low-temperature impact test, the notched impact strength reaches 4kJ/m², which is only 10% lower than that of the unadded one, so it is suitable for low-temperature resistant polyolefin products such as refrigerator liners and car bumpers.
How is the weather resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
After accelerated aging test, this product was exposed to ultraviolet rays for 1000 hours, and the whiteness retention rate was 85%, which is much higher than APP-1's 60%. After being immersed in 5% salt water for 90 days, the weight loss rate was only 2%, indicating that it has excellent salt spray resistance and is suitable for marine environment products. After being immersed in 80℃ hot water for 30 days, the flame retardant efficiency was retained by 90%, while the retention rate of APP-2 during the same period was 75%. Its modified layer can resist photooxidation and hydrolysis, and the molecular chain is not easy to break. Therefore, in polyolefin products such as outdoor pipes and greenhouse films that are exposed to the natural environment for a long time, the service life is extended by 1 times compared with ordinary APP, and frequent replacement is not required.
What are the requirements for the ratio of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) and synergists?
When used in combination with Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), the optimal ratio is 3:1. When used for polyethylene, the vertical combustion self-extinguishing time is less than 3 seconds, which is 50% shorter than using APP-3 alone. Adding 15% aluminum hydroxide can reduce the smoke density level from 70 to 40, which meets the requirements of smoking control places such as subways. When mixed with pentaerythritol at a ratio of 4:1, the carbon layer expands more evenly, the thickness deviation is less than 0.5mm, and the thermal insulation is stable. If there are too many synergists, the concentration of APP-3 will be diluted, resulting in flame retardant failure; if there are too few, the synergistic effect cannot be exerted, so accurate weighing is required, such as adjusting the formula, and the efficiency varies greatly.
What are the energy consumption and benefits of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) production?
The production of this product requires additional modification process, and the energy consumption is 10% higher than that of APP-2, but the price per ton of product can be increased by 15%. Due to its excellent performance, the qualified rate of downstream products has increased by 20%, and the comprehensive cost has been reduced. Based on an annual output of 10,000 tons, although 500 tons of coal are consumed more, an additional profit of 3 million yuan can be created. Its modified process can recycle 95% of volatiles for cost-saving and environmentally friendly use. Therefore, although the initial investment is high, it is still economically beneficial in the long run and is the best choice for large-scale production.
Why is it necessary to introduce a modifier when preparing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
The preparation of this material is based on the methods of APP-1 and APP-2, with a modification process added. After the polymerization is completed, the molten material is mixed with 5% silane coupling agent, sheared by a twin-screw extruder, so that the coupling agent molecules are grafted to the ends of the APP chains, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is obtained. The modifier is like a bridge, with one end connected to APP and the other end connected to the resin, which can enhance the compatibility of the two. The unmodified one is easy to agglomerate when mixed with polypropylene. After modification, the dispersed particle size is reduced to less than 5μm, and the tensile strength retention rate is increased from 60% to 85%. The process is like coating wheat grains with sugar, so that the originally hydrophobic APP can be tightly bonded with the resin, which is suitable for incompatible systems such as polyolefins, and broadens the application scenarios.
What is the effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) in polyolefin plastics?
This product is a good material for polyolefin flame retardant. When used in polypropylene, the addition amount is 25%, supplemented with 10% talcum powder, and the oxygen index is increased from 18% to 28%, reaching UL94 V-0 level. After injection molding, the surface of the product has no pitting, and the glossiness is 20% higher than that of unmodified APP. Its melt flow rate matches that of polypropylene, and the die head is not blocked during processing, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%. When burning, the carbon layer expands to 12 times the original thickness, and the structure is dense, which can block oxygen for more than 30 minutes. In the -40℃ low-temperature impact test, the notched impact strength reaches 4kJ/m², which is only 10% lower than that of the unadded one, so it is suitable for low-temperature resistant polyolefin products such as refrigerator liners and car bumpers.
How is the weather resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
After accelerated aging test, this product was exposed to ultraviolet rays for 1000 hours, and the whiteness retention rate was 85%, which is much higher than APP-1's 60%. After being immersed in 5% salt water for 90 days, the weight loss rate was only 2%, indicating that it has excellent salt spray resistance and is suitable for marine environment products. After being immersed in 80℃ hot water for 30 days, the flame retardant efficiency was retained by 90%, while the retention rate of APP-2 during the same period was 75%. Its modified layer can resist photooxidation and hydrolysis, and the molecular chain is not easy to break. Therefore, in polyolefin products such as outdoor pipes and greenhouse films that are exposed to the natural environment for a long time, the service life is extended by 1 times compared with ordinary APP, and frequent replacement is not required.
What are the requirements for the ratio of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) and synergists?
When used in combination with Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), the optimal ratio is 3:1. When used for polyethylene, the vertical combustion self-extinguishing time is less than 3 seconds, which is 50% shorter than using APP-3 alone. Adding 15% aluminum hydroxide can reduce the smoke density level from 70 to 40, which meets the requirements of smoking control places such as subways. When mixed with pentaerythritol at a ratio of 4:1, the carbon layer expands more evenly, the thickness deviation is less than 0.5mm, and the thermal insulation is stable. If there are too many synergists, the concentration of APP-3 will be diluted, resulting in flame retardant failure; if there are too few, the synergistic effect cannot be exerted, so accurate weighing is required, such as adjusting the formula, and the efficiency varies greatly.
What are the energy consumption and benefits of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) production?
The production of this product requires additional modification process, and the energy consumption is 10% higher than that of APP-2, but the price per ton of product can be increased by 15%. Due to its excellent performance, the qualified rate of downstream products has increased by 20%, and the comprehensive cost has been reduced. Based on an annual output of 10,000 tons, although 500 tons of coal are consumed more, an additional profit of 3 million yuan can be created. Its modified process can recycle 95% of volatiles for cost-saving and environmentally friendly use. Therefore, although the initial investment is high, it is still economically beneficial in the long run and is the best choice for large-scale production.
Why is it necessary to introduce a modifier when preparing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
The preparation of this material is based on the methods of APP-1 and APP-2, with a modification process added. After the polymerization is completed, the molten material is mixed with 5% silane coupling agent, sheared by a twin-screw extruder, so that the coupling agent molecules are grafted to the ends of the APP chains, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is obtained. The modifier is like a bridge, with one end connected to APP and the other end connected to the resin, which can enhance the compatibility of the two. The unmodified one is easy to agglomerate when mixed with polypropylene. After modification, the dispersed particle size is reduced to less than 5μm, and the tensile strength retention rate is increased from 60% to 85%. The process is like coating wheat grains with sugar, so that the originally hydrophobic APP can be tightly bonded with the resin, which is suitable for incompatible systems such as polyolefins, and broadens the application scenarios.
What is the effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) in polyolefin plastics?
This product is a good material for polyolefin flame retardant. When used in polypropylene, the addition amount is 25%, supplemented with 10% talcum powder, and the oxygen index is increased from 18% to 28%, reaching UL94 V-0 level. After injection molding, the surface of the product has no pitting, and the glossiness is 20% higher than that of unmodified APP. Its melt flow rate matches that of polypropylene, and the die head is not blocked during processing, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%. When burning, the carbon layer expands to 12 times the original thickness, and the structure is dense, which can block oxygen for more than 30 minutes. In the -40℃ low-temperature impact test, the notched impact strength reaches 4kJ/m², which is only 10% lower than that of the unadded one, so it is suitable for low-temperature resistant polyolefin products such as refrigerator liners and car bumpers.
How is the weather resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
After accelerated aging test, this product was exposed to ultraviolet rays for 1000 hours, and the whiteness retention rate was 85%, which is much higher than APP-1's 60%. After being immersed in 5% salt water for 90 days, the weight loss rate was only 2%, indicating that it has excellent salt spray resistance and is suitable for marine environment products. After being immersed in 80℃ hot water for 30 days, the flame retardant efficiency was retained by 90%, while the retention rate of APP-2 during the same period was 75%. Its modified layer can resist photooxidation and hydrolysis, and the molecular chain is not easy to break. Therefore, in polyolefin products such as outdoor pipes and greenhouse films that are exposed to the natural environment for a long time, the service life is extended by 1 times compared with ordinary APP, and frequent replacement is not required.
What are the requirements for the ratio of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) and synergists?
When used in combination with Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), the optimal ratio is 3:1. When used for polyethylene, the vertical combustion self-extinguishing time is less than 3 seconds, which is 50% shorter than using APP-3 alone. Adding 15% aluminum hydroxide can reduce the smoke density level from 70 to 40, which meets the requirements of smoking control places such as subways. When mixed with pentaerythritol at a ratio of 4:1, the carbon layer expands more evenly, the thickness deviation is less than 0.5mm, and the thermal insulation is stable. If there are too many synergists, the concentration of APP-3 will be diluted, resulting in flame retardant failure; if there are too few, the synergistic effect cannot be exerted, so accurate weighing is required, such as adjusting the formula, and the efficiency varies greatly.
What are the energy consumption and benefits of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) production?
The production of this product requires additional modification process, and the energy consumption is 10% higher than that of APP-2, but the price per ton of product can be increased by 15%. Due to its excellent performance, the qualified rate of downstream products has increased by 20%, and the comprehensive cost has been reduced. Based on an annual output of 10,000 tons, although 500 tons of coal are consumed more, an additional profit of 3 million yuan can be created. Its modified process can recycle 95% of volatiles for cost-saving and environmentally friendly use. Therefore, although the initial investment is high, it is still economically beneficial in the long run and is the best choice for large-scale production.
Why is it necessary to introduce a modifier when preparing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
The preparation of this material is based on the methods of APP-1 and APP-2, with a modification process added. After the polymerization is completed, the molten material is mixed with 5% silane coupling agent, sheared by a twin-screw extruder, so that the coupling agent molecules are grafted to the ends of the APP chains, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) is obtained. The modifier is like a bridge, with one end connected to APP and the other end connected to the resin, which can enhance the compatibility of the two. The unmodified one is easy to agglomerate when mixed with polypropylene. After modification, the dispersed particle size is reduced to less than 5μm, and the tensile strength retention rate is increased from 60% to 85%. The process is like coating wheat grains with sugar, so that the originally hydrophobic APP can be tightly bonded with the resin, which is suitable for incompatible systems such as polyolefins, and broadens the application scenarios.
What is the effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) in polyolefin plastics?
This product is a good material for polyolefin flame retardant. When used in polypropylene, the addition amount is 25%, supplemented with 10% talcum powder, and the oxygen index is increased from 18% to 28%, reaching UL94 V-0 level. After injection molding, the surface of the product has no pitting, and the glossiness is 20% higher than that of unmodified APP. Its melt flow rate matches that of polypropylene, and the die head is not blocked during processing, and the production efficiency is increased by 15%. When burning, the carbon layer expands to 12 times the original thickness, and the structure is dense, which can block oxygen for more than 30 minutes. In the -40℃ low-temperature impact test, the notched impact strength reaches 4kJ/m², which is only 10% lower than that of the unadded one, so it is suitable for low-temperature resistant polyolefin products such as refrigerator liners and car bumpers.
How is the weather resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3)?
After accelerated aging test, this product was exposed to ultraviolet rays for 1000 hours, and the whiteness retention rate was 85%, which is much higher than APP-1's 60%. After being immersed in 5% salt water for 90 days, the weight loss rate was only 2%, indicating that it has excellent salt spray resistance and is suitable for marine environment products. After being immersed in 80℃ hot water for 30 days, the flame retardant efficiency was retained by 90%, while the retention rate of APP-2 during the same period was 75%. Its modified layer can resist photooxidation and hydrolysis, and the molecular chain is not easy to break. Therefore, in polyolefin products such as outdoor pipes and greenhouse films that are exposed to the natural environment for a long time, the service life is extended by 1 times compared with ordinary APP, and frequent replacement is not required.
What are the requirements for the ratio of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) and synergists?
When used in combination with Melamine Cyanurate (MCA), the optimal ratio is 3:1. When used for polyethylene, the vertical combustion self-extinguishing time is less than 3 seconds, which is 50% shorter than using APP-3 alone. Adding 15% aluminum hydroxide can reduce the smoke density level from 70 to 40, which meets the requirements of smoking control places such as subways. When mixed with pentaerythritol at a ratio of 4:1, the carbon layer expands more evenly, the thickness deviation is less than 0.5mm, and the thermal insulation is stable. If there are too many synergists, the concentration of APP-3 will be diluted, resulting in flame retardant failure; if there are too few, the synergistic effect cannot be exerted, so accurate weighing is required, such as adjusting the formula, and the efficiency varies greatly.
What are the energy consumption and benefits of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-3) production?
The production of this product requires additional modification process, and the energy consumption is 10% higher than that of APP-2, but the price per ton of product can be increased by 15%. Due to its excellent performance, the qualified rate of downstream products has increased by 20%, and the comprehensive cost has been reduced. Based on an annual output of 10,000 tons, although 500 tons of coal are consumed more, an additional profit of 3 million yuan can be created. Its modified process can recycle 95% of volatiles for cost-saving and environmentally friendly use. Therefore, although the initial investment is high, it is still economically beneficial in the long run and is the best choice for large-scale production.
