Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L)
| HS Code | 279108 |
| Chemical Formula | (NH4)n+2PnO3n+1 |
| Appearance | white powder |
| Solubility In Water | poor solubility |
| Melting Point | relatively high, around 250 - 280°C |
| Thermal Stability | good thermal stability |
| Ph Value In Solution | near - neutral |
| Particle Size | fine particles, typically in the range of several micrometers |
| Phosphorus Content | relatively high phosphorus content |
| Nitrogen Content | has nitrogen content |
| Flammability | non - flammable, used as a flame retardant |
As an accredited Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is packaged in kraft paper bags for cable grade, covered with polyethylene film, and the bag mouth is double-sewn; polypropylene woven bags are used for board grade, with moisture-proof bags inside. The bag mouth is tied with ropes and then covered with plastic rings. All are printed with model identification to prevent damage during transportation. |
| Storage | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is stored in a ventilated warehouse. The stacking of paper bags should not exceed four layers. The woven bags are placed on wooden pallets, 30 cm above the ground, away from steam pipes and alkaline substances. In summer, ventilation is carried out for two hours every day to prevent moisture absorption and agglomeration. In winter, no antifreeze is required and room temperature is sufficient. |
| Shipping | Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is transported in ordinary trucks. Bags are stacked crosswise to prevent tipping. Oil cloth is covered in rainy days. It is forbidden to hook the bag mouth during loading and unloading. If the packaging is damaged, collect the scattered powder and put it into a new bag. Do not let Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) get wet. |
Competitive Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615380400285 or mail to sales2@liwei-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615380400285
Email: sales2@liwei-chem.com
Historical Development
In ancient times, tung oil-soaked cloth was often used for cable insulation. In recent times, wires and cables need to be flame retardant. Craftsmen adjusted the particle size based on ordinary ammonium polyphosphate, and Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) was born to meet the needs. At first, it had poor compatibility with resins. After five years of improvement, it can now be evenly dispersed and become the main flame retardant for cables.
Product Overview
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is a white powder, odorless, insoluble in water, and has good compatibility with polyolefins. It forms a continuous carbon layer when it encounters fire to delay the spread of flames. It is mostly used in wire sheaths and building boards. It is widely used in low-voltage electrical appliances, and the flame retardant level reaches UL94 V-0.
Physical & Chemical Properties
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) has a density of 1.7g/cm³, a particle size of 8-15μm, a slightly rough feel, a melting point of 250℃, decomposes into ammonia when heated, is non-flammable, has no corrosion to copper and aluminum, does not absorb moisture at room temperature, and has a storage period of up to two years.
Technical Specifications & Labeling
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) standard, degree of polymerization ≥500, phosphorus ≥28%, nitrogen ≥13%, moisture ≤0.5%, full name Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) must be written on the label, with particle size distribution and flame retardant test report attached.
Preparation Method
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is prepared by using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and urea as raw materials, which are put into the reactor in proportion. After polymerization at 200℃, they are crushed and classified by air flow to obtain Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) of a specific particle size. The wind speed is controlled during the process to prevent excessive fineness.
Chemical Reactions & Modifications
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) reacts with resin at high temperature to form a carbon layer. It can improve the flame retardant efficiency when compounded with metal oxides. It does not react with cable materials at room temperature. It is stable in storage in polyolefins and has no migration phenomenon.
Synonyms & Product Names
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is also known as "cable grade ammonium polyphosphate", but the full name Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) must be used in trade documents to indicate the application area.
Safety & Operational Standards
When operating Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L), you need to wear a dust mask to prevent dust from entering your lungs. Turn on the exhaust when mixing. Wash with soap after skin contact. Eating and drinking are prohibited in the storage area. Waste must be sealed and disposed of as general industrial waste.
Application Area
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) is mostly used in PVC cable materials, PE insulation layers, and fireproof boards as a flame retardant additive. The addition of 15-20% can meet the flame retardant requirements. It is especially used in building wires and household appliance cables.
Research & Development
Artisans are researching the compounding of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) and montmorillonite to improve the strength of the carbon layer, and developing surface modification processes to further improve compatibility with resins and reduce the impact on the mechanical properties of materials.
Toxicity Research
Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) has low toxicity, with an oral LD50 of rats > 8000mg/kg. Long-term exposure to dust may cause throat discomfort. It is non-teratogenic and harmless to the human body under conventional protective operations.
Future Prospects
With the upgrade of wire and cable safety standards, the demand for Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) will increase by 8% annually, and its process will develop towards low water solubility, or be used for flame retardant high-speed rail cables to adapt to higher temperature environments.
Where to Buy Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) in China?
As a trusted Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
Why is the long chain structure emphasized when preparing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L)?
This material is made of phosphoric acid and ammonia. It is polymerized at a high temperature of 250℃ for six hours to fully extend the molecular chain to form a linear long chain structure with a polymerization degree of 40-50, which is Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L). The long chain is like silk, and the molecules are tightly entangled, so the water solubility is extremely low, only 0.3g/100mL at 25℃, which is nearly 20 times lower than XAP-02. The process is like spinning a long line, which needs to be continuously stretched to be tough. It is spray-granulated into particles with a diameter of 1mm, with a smooth surface, good fluidity, and a bulk density of 0.8g/cm³, which is convenient for large-scale equipment feeding. This long chain structure makes it excellent in thermal stability. It does not decompose below 280℃, which is suitable for engineering plastics processed at high temperatures and is a long-lasting flame retardant.
What is the application of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) in high-temperature engineering plastics?
This product is added to polyamide 66 at a dosage of 20%, supplemented with 5% montmorillonite for synergy. After injection molding at 280℃, the product has no bubbles and a tensile strength of 85MPa, which is only 10% lower than that without addition. The combustion test reaches UL94 V-0 level, and the vertical combustion self-extinguishing time is 2 seconds. The carbon layer is thin but dense and can withstand 300℃ high temperature without collapse. In polyetheretherketone (PEEK), the addition of 15% can meet the flame retardant requirements, and the heat deformation temperature is retained at 280℃, which is suitable for high-temperature parts in the engine compartment. It has good compatibility with glass fiber reinforced plastics, uniform fiber dispersion, and a bending strength of 150MPa. Therefore, it is widely used in high-temperature engineering plastics such as high-speed rail seat frames and aviation components, and can withstand long-term high temperature environments without failure.
How is the chemical corrosion resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) reflected?
After being immersed in a 30% sulfuric acid solution for 90 days, the weight loss rate was only 0.5%, which is more resistant to acid corrosion than XAP-02's 5%. After being placed in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for the same period of time, there was no obvious dissolution, indicating that it has excellent acid and alkali resistance. After being in contact with engine oil and hydraulic oil for 6 months, no swelling occurred, so it can be used in plastic parts around automobile engines. It has no corrosion to metals. After immersing iron, copper, and aluminum sheets in its suspension, there is no rust after 30 days. Therefore, it is safe to use in plastic products with metal inserts and does not affect the matching accuracy of parts. This feature makes it suitable for scenes such as chemical equipment housings and tank linings that come into contact with corrosive media, broadening the application range of APP.
What is the difference between Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) and other long-chain APPs?
Compared with APP-2, Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L) has a higher degree of polymerization and a more regular long-chain structure, so its thermal stability is improved by 10%, and its thermal weight loss rate at 280°C is only 2%, while APP-2 is 5%. It has better dispersibility in polyamide. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the particles are evenly distributed and there is no agglomeration, so the mechanical properties are better retained. It has low hygroscopicity. After being stored in an environment with a relative humidity of 90% for 30 days, the moisture content is only 0.8%, which is much lower than 2% of APP-2, and it is not easy to agglomerate. Although the cost is 8% higher than APP-2, it has more stable performance and is more cost-effective in high-end engineering plastics, especially suitable for scenarios with high requirements for long-term reliability.
What precautions should be taken for the storage and processing of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP-L)?
This product needs to be packed in galvanized iron barrels lined with plastic bags, 50kg per barrel, sealed and moisture-proof, stored in ventilated warehouses, the temperature should not exceed 35℃, the stacking height should not exceed 10 layers, to prevent the bottom layer from being compressed and agglomerated. It does not need to be dried before processing, and can be directly mixed with the resin to save energy. In the twin-screw extruder, the speed needs to be controlled at 300 rpm to ensure uniform shearing and avoid long chain breakage, otherwise the flame retardant efficiency will be reduced. If agglomeration is accidentally caused, it needs to be crushed by a crusher and can still be used after passing through an 80-mesh sieve without affecting the performance. It has low dust flying, and ordinary dust masks can be worn during operation. It is easier to manage than ultra-fine APP.
