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What are the main uses of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate?
Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate, more accurately referred to as Aluminum Diethyl Phosphinate in chemical terminology, is a widely used halogen-free flame retardant with excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant efficiency, making it indispensable in various industrial fields.
Its primary application lies in the polymer material industry, where it is extensively incorporated into engineering plastics and polymers to enhance their fire resistance. For instance, it is commonly added to polyamides (such as PA6, PA66), polyesters (like PET, PBT), and epoxy resins. By inhibiting the spread of flames and reducing smoke generation during combustion, it helps these materials meet strict fire safety standards, which is crucial for products used in electrical and electronic equipment, automotive parts, and building materials—areas where fire risk mitigation is paramount.
In addition, this compound finds use in textile and fiber processing. When applied to synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester, nylon), it imparts flame-retardant properties to fabrics, making them suitable for upholstery, curtains, and industrial textiles that require fire resistance. Its compatibility with fiber materials ensures minimal impact on the mechanical properties and appearance of the textiles.
It also plays a role in coatings and adhesives. By blending it into coating formulations or adhesive systems, manufacturers can improve the fire resistance of these products without compromising their adhesion or durability. This is particularly valuable for coatings used in construction (e.g., wall coatings) and adhesives for electrical components, where both functional performance and fire safety are essential.
Furthermore, due to its low toxicity and environmental friendliness compared to halogenated flame retardants, it aligns with global trends toward eco-friendly materials. This has expanded its application in consumer goods, such as household appliances and furniture, where regulatory requirements for non-toxic and low-pollution additives are increasingly stringent.
Overall, Aluminum Diethyl Phosphinate’s versatility, efficiency, and environmental compatibility make it a preferred choice for enhancing fire safety across a diverse range of materials and products.
What are the Physical and Chemical Properties of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate?
Aluminum diethyl phosphonate, chemical formula C4H10AlO4P, commonly known as aluminum diethyl phosphonate, is one of the phosphonate flame retardants. This material is white or off-white powder with dense crystalline structure and uniform particles. It is stable at room temperature and pressure, slightly hygroscopic, not easily soluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water, and also insoluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones. The melting point is about 300 ° C, the decomposition temperature can exceed 350 ° C, and it is not easy to burn in case of open flame.
Aluminum diethyl phosphonate has a density of about 1.3 g/cm ³, and has no significant odor. Its chemical properties are stable, and it is not easy to react with acids and alkalis in general environments. It is easily decomposed by strong acids and alkalis. After thermal decomposition, phosphonate esters and phosphorus oxides can be released, which can synergistically promote the carbonization of polymer materials, thereby forming a carbon layer, preventing flame propagation, and has excellent flame retardant properties. It is often used as a halogen-free environmentally friendly flame retardant in the modification of plastics, rubber, fibers and other materials.
This salt is non-volatile, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, not easy to migrate, has no obvious toxicity, and has good compatibility. It does not decompose when heated during processing to ensure the stability of material properties. In case of high temperature or strong oxidant, there is still a risk of decomposition. It should be stored in a cool, dry and sealed place to prevent moisture absorption and deliquescence. In terms of thermodynamic properties, it has high specific heat capacity and decomposition endothermic effect, which can absorb a lot of heat and delay the combustion time of the material. The apparent index and other characteristics also vary slightly with the preparation conditions.
All in all, aluminum diethylphosphonate has stable properties, excellent performance, and unique physical and chemical properties, but it needs to be properly stored and standardized to ensure its flame retardant efficacy and safe application.
What are the storage and transportation requirements for Aluminum Diethyl Phosphates?
The storage and transportation of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphinate (often referred to as Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate in industrial contexts) require strict adherence to specific guidelines to ensure safety, stability, and product integrity.
Environment Conditions: It should be stored in a well-ventilated, cool, and dry warehouse. The ideal storage temperature is between 5°C and 30°C, with relative humidity below 70% to prevent moisture absorption, which could cause caking or degradation. Direct sunlight and heat sources (such as radiators or open flames) must be avoided, as prolonged exposure to high temperatures may affect its thermal stability.
Packaging Integrity: The product is typically packaged in multi-layered bags (e.g., paper-plastic composite bags with an inner polyethylene liner) to resist moisture and physical damage. Unsealed packages must be tightly closed after partial use to prevent contamination or absorption of atmospheric moisture.
Segregation: It must be stored separately from strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, and combustible materials to avoid potential chemical reactions. Additionally, it should be kept away from food, feed, or pharmaceuticals to prevent cross-contamination.
Shelf Life Management: Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life is usually 24 months from the production date. Stock should be rotated using the "first-in, first-out" principle to ensure older batches are used before expiration.
Mode of Transport: It is classified as a non-hazardous material for transportation (according to UN regulations), but it should be transported via covered vehicles (e.g., enclosed trucks or containers) to shield from rain, snow, or direct sunlight.
Handling During Transit: Avoid rough handling, dropping, or crushing packages to prevent leakage of the powdery substance. During loading and unloading, use appropriate equipment (e.g., forklifts with pallet forks) to minimize manual lifting and reduce the risk of package damage.
Compatibility: Do not transport it with oxidizers, corrosives, or flammable goods in the same vehicle. In case of accidental spillage during transit, the affected area should be isolated, and spilled material should be collected with clean tools (avoiding dust dispersion) and disposed of according to local waste management regulations.
Documentation: Transport documents should include product identification, quantity, and safety notes (e.g., "keep dry" or "avoid extreme temperatures") to guide handlers.
Adhering to these storage and transportation requirements ensures the product remains stable, reduces safety risks, and maintains its performance for industrial applications such as flame-retardant formulations.
How is the environmental protection and safety of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate?
Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate exhibits favorable environmental protection and safety profiles compared to traditional halogenated flame retardants, making it a preferred choice in eco-conscious industries.
In terms of environmental impact, it is classified as a halogen-free compound, meaning it does not release toxic halogenated gases (such as dioxins or furans) during combustion—substances known to persist in the environment and cause long-term ecological harm. Its degradation pathways are relatively benign: studies indicate that under natural conditions, it breaks down into non-toxic byproducts like phosphates, which are less likely to accumulate in soil or water ecosystems. This aligns with global regulations restricting halogenated substances, such as the EU’s RoHS and REACH directives, enhancing its suitability for environmentally sensitive applications.
Regarding safety, it has low acute toxicity: oral and dermal toxicity tests show high LD50 values, indicating minimal risk from accidental ingestion or skin contact. It is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxin under major regulatory frameworks (e.g., OSHA, ECHA). However, like many fine powders, prolonged inhalation of its dust may irritate the respiratory tract, requiring proper ventilation and personal protective equipment (e.g., dust masks) during handling. It is also non-flammable and non-reactive with most common substances, reducing the risk of fire or chemical hazards in storage and transport.
For occupational safety, adherence to standard handling protocols—such as avoiding direct contact, using gloves, and ensuring workspace ventilation—effectively mitigates potential risks. Its compatibility with various polymers and low leaching tendency further minimize secondary environmental contamination during product lifecycle, from manufacturing to disposal.
Overall, Aluminum Diethyl Phosphinate balances high flame-retardant efficiency with strong environmental and safety credentials, supporting its adoption in industries prioritizing sustainability and worker protection.
How much is the addition amount of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate?
The addition amount of Aluminum Diethyl Phosphate varies significantly depending on the application scenario, base material type, and specific flame-retardant requirements, typically ranging from 10% to 35% by weight.
In engineering plastics such as polyamides (PA6, PA66) and polyesters (PBT, PET), the addition amount is usually 15% to 25%. This range balances flame retardancy and material performance—sufficient to meet UL94 V-0 standards while minimizing negative impacts on mechanical properties like tensile strength and impact resistance. For instance, in PA6 used for electrical connectors, 20% addition often achieves the desired fire safety without excessive brittleness.
In epoxy resins, which are widely used in electronics and coatings, the dosage tends to be higher, around 20% to 30%. Epoxy systems require more flame retardant to counteract their inherent flammability, especially when used in thick-walled components or high-temperature environments.
For some low-flammability base materials or applications with lower fire safety standards, the addition amount can be reduced to 10% to 15%. Conversely, in demanding scenarios such as aerospace or automotive parts requiring strict flame spread and smoke density control, the dosage may reach up to 35%.
It’s important to note that the addition amount is often adjusted in combination with other synergists (e.g., melamine derivatives or inorganic fillers) to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and maintain material processability. Specific dosages should be determined through formulation testing based on target performance criteria.