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What are the main ingredients of Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer is a developer of modern materials science to deal with environmental pollution and human health concerns. It is halogen-free and does not contain harmful halogen elements such as chlorine and bromine. When halogen flame retardants are burned, they often release toxic fumes, which damage the environment and harm life. Therefore, people are creating halogen-free flame retardants, which are widely used in elastomeric materials.
Its main components are mostly inorganic and organic compounds. Inorganic ones, especially aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide, chemical formula Al (OH), stable, can decompose in high temperature environment, absorb a lot of heat, release water to dilute flammable gas, and form a thermal insulation layer on the surface to cut off oxygen and suppress flame. Magnesium hydroxide, chemical formula Mg (OH) -2, has similar properties to the former, with a slightly higher decomposition temperature, especially suitable for elastomers processed at high temperatures. The use of both can take into account the needs of different temperature ranges and improve the flame retardant effect.
In addition, organophosphorus-based flame retardants are also commonly used, such as ammonium polyphosphate, phosphonates, etc. They form an expanded carbon layer when burned to isolate oxygen and prevent heat transfer. In some systems, it may be necessary to add a little nitrogen-based flame retardants, such as melamine and its derivatives, to use the structure of nitrogen to promote synergistic flame suppression during thermal decomposition. Silicon-based compounds, such as siloxanes and silicates, are also selected to form a film after thermal decomposition to protect the surface and increase the flame retardancy.
In order to improve the processing performance and dispersion, synergistic agents and surface treatment agents are often used. Synergistic agents such as antimonate, zinc boron glass, etc., can enhance the flame retardant ability of the main material. Surface treatment agents, such as silane coupling agents, are evenly mixed with flame retardant particles in the elastomer to maintain their mechanical properties. There are also compounded ingredients to take into account environmental protection, flame retardancy, and cost considerations.
In summary, halogen-free flame retardants are mainly aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, supplemented by organophosphorus, nitrogen and silicon compounds, and matched with synergists and surfactants. The various components complement each other, which can not only ensure the flame retardant effect of the material, but also be environmentally friendly. It conforms to the general trend of green development and is a good strategy for the elastomer industry.
How is Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomers Evaluated?
In order to evaluate the flame retardant efficacy of Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer, it is necessary to review the test procedures in detail. All evaluations should follow international standards, such as UL 94, LOI method (limiting oxygen index) and vertical and horizontal combustion tests. When preparing the sample, according to the formula, mix the main material and flame retardant in proportion, and extrude and press the tablet to make a sample of standard size, which can be easily compared. At the beginning of the test, contact with an open flame to observe the start and end of the flame, combustion rate, carbonization length, and also remember the extinguishing time. In addition, the LOI method places the mixing material in an oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas stream, and records the minimum oxygen concentration to maintain combustion. The higher the value, the better the flame resistance of the material. The UL 94 rule is divided into V-0, V-1, and V-2 levels. The dripping and reignition conditions are observed to determine the performance of the flame retardant.
Secondly, the physical properties of the flame retardant on the elastomer should also be considered. In order to prevent fire, the material needs to be flexible and strong. After the test, mechanical tests such as stretching, tearing, and rebound must be performed to check whether its physical properties have changed, and to weigh the balance between flame retardancy and practicality. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) monitors the change of mass loss of the material at high temperature, so as to judge the thermal stability of the flame retardant. Cone calorimeter is also beneficial, which can measure the heat release rate and smoke density during combustion, and carefully observe the fire hazard in practical use.
As for the combustion residue, the microstructure and element distribution can be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or energy spectrum (EDS) to explain the mechanism of action of flame retardants. For example, halogen-free flame retardants use phosphorus or nitrogen to promote carbonization and block oxygen penetration. If the carbon layer is dense and continuous, the flame retardant performance is excellent.
Finally, the evaluation must take into account the environment and safety. Halogen-free flame retardants should not release harmful gases, and their decomposition products are non-toxic and pollution-free, in line with the purpose of green materials. To sum up, the advantages and disadvantages of flame retardant effect must be combined with physical, chemical and environmental data to make a fair conclusion. If only one-sided view of one end, it is difficult to make a thorough judgment.
Does Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomers Affect the Physical Properties of Elastomers?
The effect of halogen-free flame retardants on the physical properties of elastomers
The use of halogen-free flame retardants in elastomer materials is an important part of modern materials science. Its purpose is to enhance the fire resistance of materials and reduce the hazard of fire, but its impact on the physical properties of elastomers must also be observed. Elastomers are characterized by high elasticity, plasticity and resilience, and are widely used in many fields of industry and civil use. If their physical properties are damaged, the application of materials is bound to be limited, so it needs to be carefully studied.
In the past, halogen-containing flame retardants were mostly used in man-made materials, but they produced toxic fumes during combustion, and the environmental harm was tremendous. Nowadays, environmental protection is the top priority, and halogen-free flame retardants are becoming increasingly popular, but their formulations involve a large number of inorganic, phosphorus-based and nitrogen-based components. The particle size, dispersion, and compatibility with the matrix of these additives are all closely related to the material properties. Halogen-free flame retardants are often prone to internal aggregation due to their complex molecular structure, high dosage, or large particle size, so the physical properties of elastomers are often damaged.
First, in terms of strength, because flame retardants are mostly rigid inorganic fine particles, when mixed into elastomers, if they are unevenly dispersed, the overall tensile properties of the material will be weakened, and cracks will easily occur. Second, in terms of flexibility, if the amount of flame retardant is too much, it will block the slippage of the molecular chain segment, slow down the rebound, and lose its original excellent elasticity. Third, wear resistance and folding resistance, high addition or insufficient uniformity may cause the surface of the material to be rough and the fatigue resistance to be reduced, which is not enough for high-frequency deformation.
However, if the fine particles with high dispersion are used, or the surface modification technology is used to improve their compatibility with the substrate, and an appropriate amount of flame retardant is applied, the physical properties of the elastomer can be controlled, and even the heat resistance or structural stability can be improved. There are also new flame retardants such as organophosphorus and nitrogen series, which are well designed and can give elastomers good flame retardancy with little physical property loss.
Overall, halogen-free flame retardants can improve the fire resistance of elastomers, but their impact on physical properties depends on the formula, dosage and dispersion. Proper process optimization is a good policy to balance safety and performance.
How is Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomers added during processing?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant (halogen-free flame retardant) is used in the processing of elastomers. At first, the flame retardant with pure texture and uniform particle size must be selected to ensure compatibility with the elastomer matrix. Second, it is necessary to carefully check the proportion of each component in the formula to adapt to the requirements of the flame retardant grade and physical properties of the product. Common halogen-free flame retardants include phosphorus, nitrogen, inorganic hydroxides, etc., which can be used according to actual requirements.
At the beginning of processing, it is advisable to blend the flame retardant with other additives and fillers by dry mixing or wet mixing. If dry mixing is the main method, the elastomer masterbatch and flame retardant need to be put into a high-efficiency mixer and mixed evenly with each other. The wet mixing method can first modify the surface of the flame retardant with part of the surfactant, and then introduce the elastomer system to strengthen the dispersion effect. If the flame retardant is agglomerated, appropriate pretreatment should be carried out first, such as sieving, grinding, etc., to refine the particle size and disperse evenly to prevent agglomeration during processing.
In the mixing process, the flame retardant can be placed with the main material, and the feeding time and sequence can be adjusted with the compounding agent. If the feeding sequence is reasonable and orderly, it is easy to obtain a uniform distribution and the finished product performance is better. When the mixing is started, the mixture obtained by the mixing is rolled, folded and cut multiple times on the open mixer, so that the flame retardant is further dispersed in the matrix to enhance the flame retardant effect and maintain the original properties of the elastomer.
If extrusion or injection molding is used, attention should also be paid to the thermal stability of the flame retardant to avoid decomposition failure due to excessive processing temperature. If the flame retardant evaporates or precipitates due to inappropriate processing conditions, it is necessary to adjust the temperature and pressure appropriately, or add cooling and exhaust facilities. In order to prevent the migration of flame retardants from affecting the appearance of the product, an appropriate amount of anti-migration aids can be added to make it closely integrated with the matrix structure.
As for the amount of flame retardant added, it is advisable to take the test data and refer to the standard, and adjust the dosage to not only maintain the flame retardant performance, but also maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the elastomer. Finally, if the product needs secondary vulcanization and other post-treatment, the temperature stability of the flame retardant must also be considered to avoid
In summary, the processing and addition of elastomer halogen-free flame retardants requires careful consideration in terms of proportions, dispersion, process parameters and synergy of additives to achieve high-quality products.
Does Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer comply with environmental and safety regulations?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer, which is designed to replace traditional halogen-based flame retardants to ensure that products delay combustion in the event of fire and reduce the escape of harmful gases. Modern environmental regulations and safety standards are becoming increasingly stringent, such as European Union REACH, RoHS, etc., all specify that halogen-based flame retardants are prohibited or restricted, because halogen materials are prone to highly toxic and harmful gases when burned, endangering human and environmental safety. Halogen free flame retardants came into being. Their raw materials are mostly inorganic fillers, organic phosphorus, nitrogen-based compounds, etc. These ingredients do not generate halogen acid gas when burned, and have little impact on the human respiratory system. Reduce the harm to the ecology and conform to the concept of environmental protection.
Today's Halogen Free Flame Retardant is based on aluminum hydroxide, phosphate ester, melamine derivatives, etc. It generates water vapor or inert gas when burned, which can effectively isolate the air and block the spread of fire, and the by-products are not seriously toxic. Related products are widely used in wire and cable, automotive seals, building materials and other fields. Its manufacturing, use and waste process has a lower ecological burden than halogen flame retardants. Not only meets the European Union directive, but also complies with the US TSCA, Japan Chemical Pipe Law and China's environmental protection standards. It has a high environmental protection review pass rate and often obtains green product certification.
In addition, new halogen-free flame retardants are increasingly well-designed in terms of toxicology, migration, and durability, reducing the risk of bioaccumulation and accumulation. A number of standardized and industry certification systems have systematically tested and evaluated their chemical composition, decomposition products, and release behavior, showing their environmental protection and safety characteristics, and protecting the health of operators and end users. Due to the high decomposition temperature of halogen-free flame retardants, they generally have little impact on the properties of elastomers, and can also maintain the flexibility and physical and mechanical properties of products, taking into account safety. Many countries and regions promote their application and adopt relevant policies to encourage substitution.
In summary, Halogen Free Flame Retardant for Elastomer can meet the requirements of current environmental protection and safety regulations. Its promotion and application is conducive to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, and promotes industrial green upgrading. Only need to pay attention to the different performance of different types of products. When using specific elastomers, compatibility and performance should be considered one by one to achieve the best results.