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As a leading Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main ingredients of Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT typically consists of three core components: phosphorus-based compounds, nitrogen-containing synergists, and inorganic additives. Phosphorus-based compounds, such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), are the primary flame-retardant agents. They act by promoting char formation in the condensed phase and releasing phosphorus radicals to quench flame reactions in the gas phase. Nitrogen-containing synergists, including melamine, melamine cyanurate (MCA), and piperazine derivatives, enhance the flame-retardant efficiency by releasing non-flammable gases (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen) that dilute oxygen and fuel vapors, while also stabilizing the char layer. Inorganic additives like aluminum hydroxide (ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (MH) serve as auxiliary flame retardants, absorbing heat through endothermic decomposition and releasing water vapor to cool the material surface.
These components are often blended in specific ratios to optimize compatibility with PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), a semi-crystalline polyester. For example, a common formulation might combine 60-70% phosphorus-based compounds with 20-30% nitrogen synergists and 5-10% inorganic additives, ensuring balanced flame retardancy, thermal stability, and dispersion in PBT matrices. The absence of halogens (chlorine, bromine) eliminates toxic gas emissions during combustion, aligning with eco-friendly requirements.
What percentage of Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT is added to the PBT material?
The addition percentage of Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT in PBT materials typically ranges from 15% to 30% by weight, depending on the desired flame retardant grade, PBT viscosity, and application requirements. For general-purpose PBT (e.g., non-reinforced grades), 15-20% addition is often sufficient to achieve UL94 V-2 or V-1 ratings, where the material self-extinguishes within 30 seconds with limited dripping.
For high-performance applications requiring UL94 V-0 (the highest vertical burning rating), 20-30% addition is necessary. V-0 requires the material to self-extinguish within 10 seconds without dripping that ignites cotton. Glass fiber-reinforced PBT (30-50% glass content) may need slightly higher loadings (25-30%) due to the dilution effect of glass fibers, which reduce the flame retardant’s concentration in the polymer matrix.
In specialized cases, such as thin-walled parts (<1mm thickness), additions up to 35% might be required to ensure uniform flame retardancy across the material. However, excessive loading (>35%) can compromise mechanical properties (e.g., impact strength) and processability (e.g., melt flow), so manufacturers often optimize formulations to balance flame retardancy and performance.
What flame retardant grades can Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT achieve?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT can achieve several key flame retardant grades, with UL94 ratings being the most widely recognized. At typical addition levels (15-30%), it consistently meets UL94 V-0 for PBT materials with thicknesses ≥0.8mm, where specimens self-extinguish within 10 seconds after two 10-second flame applications, with no dripping that ignites cotton. For thinner sections (0.4-0.8mm), it often achieves UL94 V-1, where self-extinguishing occurs within 30 seconds.
Beyond UL94, it complies with other critical standards. For electrical and electronic applications, it meets IEC 60695-2-11 (Glow Wire Ignition Temperature, GWIT) ≥750°C and IEC 60695-2-12 (Glow Wire Flammability Index, GWFI) ≥850°C, ensuring resistance to ignition from hot surfaces. In automotive and industrial uses, it achieves UL 94 5VA/5VB ratings for thick-section materials (>3mm), indicating no burning through the specimen after 5 minutes of flame exposure.
It also meets ISO 5660 (Heat Release Rate) requirements, reducing peak heat release by 40-60% compared to untreated PBT, and passes ASTM D3801 (flammability of plastic films), making it suitable for thin PBT films in electrical insulation. These grades validate its versatility across industries requiring strict fire safety.
How does Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT affect the physical properties of PBT materials?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT can impact PBT’s physical properties, though effects are manageable with formulation adjustments.
Mechanical properties: Tensile strength typically decreases by 10-20% at 20-30% loading, as inorganic flame retardant particles create stress concentration points, weakening the polymer matrix. Impact strength (Charpy or Izod) may drop by 15-30%, especially in glass-reinforced PBT, due to reduced fiber-polymer adhesion. Flexural modulus, however, often increases by 5-15% due to the rigid nature of the flame retardant, enhancing stiffness.
Thermal properties: Heat deflection temperature (HDT) under load is generally maintained or slightly improved (by 5-10°C) because the flame retardant’s char layer enhances thermal stability. Melting point remains unchanged, but crystallization rate may slow, affecting molding cycle times.
Processability: Melt flow rate (MFR) decreases by 20-40% due to increased viscosity, requiring higher processing temperatures (250-270°C vs. 240-260°C for neat PBT) or screw speeds to ensure proper mold filling. Moisture absorption by some flame retardant components (e.g., nitrogen synergists) can cause hydrolysis in PBT, leading to discoloration or voids, so pre-drying is critical.
Mitigation strategies include using surface-treated flame retardant particles (to improve dispersion), adding compatibilizers (e.g., maleic anhydride grafts), or blending with elastomers to restore impact strength, balancing flame retardancy and performance.
Does Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT meet environmental and related certification standards?
Halogen Free Flame Retardant for PBT complies with major environmental and certification standards, making it suitable for global markets.
Environmental safety: As a halogen-free additive, it contains no chlorine, bromine, or fluorine, so combustion releases no toxic halides (e.g., HCl, HBr) or dioxins, reducing risks to human health and ecosystems. It is low in heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) and meets RoHS 2.0 restrictions, prohibiting hazardous substances in electrical/electronic equipment.
Regulatory certifications: It aligns with REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) in the EU, with no Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) in its formulation. For automotive applications, it meets ELV (End-of-Life Vehicle) Directive requirements, ensuring compatibility with recycling processes.
Industry standards: It complies with UL 94 (flame retardancy), ISO 14001 (environmental management), and IEC 61249 (halogen-free materials for printed circuits). In Asia, it meets China’s GB/T 24279 (flame retardants for wires/cables) and Japan’s JIS C 3005 (plastics for electrical equipment).
These certifications validate its suitability for eco-conscious industries, including electronics, automotive, and consumer goods, where sustainability and safety are priorities.