Product Name: Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Industrial Grade
Chemical Formula: (NH4)2HPO4
Common Names: DAP, Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate
CAS Number: 7783-28-0
Recommended Use: Fertilizer, Fire Retardant, Yeast Nutrient for Brewing, Industrial Processes
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Classification: Not considered hazardous under GHS classification for most uses, but large quantities or fine dust can increase risk
Physical Hazards: Low risk of fire or explosion; dust may create minor respiratory irritation
Health Hazards: Eye and skin irritation possible upon direct contact, sensitive individuals may experience respiratory discomfort if inhaled
Environmental Hazards: Nutrient runoff can disturb water ecosystems; large spills into bodies of water can promote algae growth
Label Elements: No pictogram for typical workplace use; advisory statements may include “Avoid inhalation of dust” and “Prevent entry into waterways”
Chemical Name: Diammonium Phosphate
Concentration: Typically 98% or higher
Other Ingredients: Trace amounts of impurities like iron, magnesium, and silica may appear, depending on the manufacturing process, usually less than 2% combined
CAS Registry Number: 7783-28-0
EC Number: 231-987-8
Molecular Weight: 132.06 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove affected person to fresh air; offer water or warm drinks if cough or irritation continues; seek medical attention if breathing remains difficult or symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes; wash skin thoroughly using soap and warm water; do not use harsh scrubbing; seek medical help if redness or irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with clean water for 10–15 minutes; hold eyelids open and flush thoroughly; do not rub; seek eye care if pain or blurry vision lingers
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water but do not induce vomiting; drink water; obtain medical attention for discomfort, vomiting, or if the person feels unwell as symptoms may appear after a delay
Immediate Medical Support: Always call for medical help if large amounts have been ingested, inhaled, or if severe reaction develops
Flammability: Diammonium phosphate itself does not burn but may decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides and ammonia
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, fog, or foam; do not use dry chemical or carbon dioxide on large fires as these may stir up dust clouds
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing due to risk of toxic gas release
Fire and Explosion Hazards: No explosive properties, but avoid creating clouds of fine dust; heating above decomposition temperature can lead to release of ammonia gas
Special Procedures: Contain run-off water to avoid environmental contamination; cool unopened containers exposed to heat with water spray
Personal Precautions: Use gloves, safety goggles, and dust masks or respirators; avoid breathing dust; prevent skin and eye contact
Spill Response: Sweep up spilled powder or granules using tools that minimize dust creation; shovel into suitable containers for disposal
Environmental Precautions: Prevent large amounts from entering waterways, drains, or sewers; use dikes, sandbags, or absorbent materials if necessary to contain spread
Clean-Up Methods: Collect spill with minimal dust generation, use vacuum trucks or wet sweeping where industrial methods apply; wash remaining area with plenty of water
Reporting: Inform relevant authorities for substantial spills near sensitive environments or water systems
Handling Practices: Work in well-ventilated spaces, avoid creating airborne dust, and wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke near the product
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from moisture and strong acids; keep bags or bulk bins tightly closed when not in use to keep the product free-flowing
Bulk Storage: Separate from incompatible materials such as urea, lime, alkaline substances, and oxidizers; avoid storing with food or feed
Equipment: Use corrosion-resistant tools and bins; avoid sources of ignition or high heat near storage areas, as ammonia release can occur at elevated temperatures
Incompatibilities: Vigorous reaction with alkaline materials and strong acids, avoid mixing with strong oxidizers
Occupational Exposure Limit: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV set for diammonium phosphate, but total nuisance dust (particulates not otherwise regulated) often limited to 10 mg/m³ for inhalable, 3 mg/m³ for respirable fractions
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation near points of dust creation, use closed conveyor systems or dust suppression
Respiratory Protection: Wear particulate respirators if high dust levels occur, particularly during transfer or bulk loading
Hand Protection: Use chemical-resistant gloves, such as nitrile or PVC, when handling in large quantities or prolonged exposure
Eye and Face Protection: Apply safety goggles or face shields, especially during dusty operations
Skin and Body Protection: Wear long sleeves, lab coats, or coveralls, and protective boots if risk of significant exposure
Hygiene: Wash hands, forearms, and face after handling; change out of contaminated work clothes at end of shift
Appearance: White to off-white crystals or granules, sometimes pale beige depending on trace impurities
Odor: Odorless, but may have faint ammonia smell when exposed to moisture
Melting Point: Decomposes above 155°C, no true melting; releases ammonia and water vapor
Solubility in Water: Approximately 575 g/L at 20°C, highly soluble
Density: 1.62 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH (1% solution): 7.8–8.2
Boiling Point: Not applicable due to decomposition on heating
Vapor Pressure: Not volatile at ambient temperatures
Flash Point: Not applicable
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not self-igniting
Explosive Properties: Not explosive
Oxidizing Properties: Not an oxidizer
Chemical Stability: Stable under usual handling and storage conditions if kept cool and dry; breaks down if exposed to heat, strong acids, or alkaline substances
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with acids possibly forming ammonia gas and phosphoric acid; alkaline contact leads to release of ammonia
Hazardous Decomposition: Ammonia, nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides form if heated strongly or in contact with incompatible agents
Conditions to Avoid: Temperature extremes, exposure to moisture, strong acids, and alkali
Incompatible Materials: Avoid mixing with calcium compounds, strong oxidizers, lime, or bases
Acute Toxicity: Low toxicity by oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure; LD50 (oral, rat) estimated > 5,000 mg/kg
Irritation: Mild eye and skin irritant in concentrated or prolonged exposure
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure not known to cause harm when used industrially, but continuous dust inhalation can cause airway irritation
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: No evidence observed
Reproductive Toxicity: Not identified at workplace levels
Sensitization: Rare, but sensitive individuals may experience mild respiratory symptoms with regular dust exposure
Ecotoxicity: High concentrations in water can lead to eutrophication, causing algae blooms and oxygen depletion that harm aquatic life
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades to phosphate ions and ammonium in soil or water; readily absorbed by plants
Bioaccumulation Potential: Not known to accumulate in organisms
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in moist environments; leaches into groundwater if applied in excess
Other Adverse Effects: Non-toxic to birds and mammals in normal use, but potential hazard to aquatic organisms where runoff occurs
Regulation: Local, state, and national water protection guidelines limit concentration of phosphate release
Waste Disposal Methods: Collect uncontaminated material for reuse or recycling where possible; small amounts can be handled as non-hazardous waste in most regions
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product or contaminated water from entering drains, waterways, or sewage systems
Packaging Disposal: Rinse empty containers thoroughly; recycle if permitted, dispose at a licensed facility
Local Regulations: Adhere to local environmental and hazardous waste laws for both the product and its packaging, especially if the product has been contaminated
Special Instructions: Avoid dumping large amounts in a single area, minimize dust during handling of waste
UN Number: Not assigned for transport as hazardous material
Transport Classification: Not regulated under ADR/RID/IMDG/IATA
Packing Group: Not applicable
Labeling Requirements: No hazardous labels required for ground, sea, or air shipment
Transportation Precautions: Protect cargo from moisture and rough handling to prevent bag breakage or spillage
Bulk Transport: Use dry, waterproof containers; avoid transporting with acids or strong oxidizers to prevent reaction risk
Additional Notes: Spill response planning recommended for large shipments through sensitive environmental corridors
Workplace Regulations: Satisfies criteria under OSHA (US), WHMIS (Canada), and EU requirements for workplace chemicals; classification as non-hazardous in many jurisdictions
Environmental Release: Subject to regional phosphate and nutrient management rules, particularly near water bodies and sensitive ecological zones
Chemical Inventory Status: Listed in TSCA (US), EINECS/ELINCS (EU), AICS (Australia), DSL (Canada), ENCS (Japan)
Community Right-to-Know: May require reporting under SARA Title III Section 313 if stored in large industrial quantities
Hazard Communication: Safety training and availability of MSDS required in many workplaces using proteins or fertilizers
Specific State or Country Laws: Some regions have tighter restrictions on phosphate due to cultural eutrophication and groundwater protection concerns
