Product Name: Sodium Hypophosphite
Chemical Formula: NaPO2H2
Synonyms: Sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, hypophosphorous acid sodium salt
CAS Number: 7681-53-0
Recommended Use: Electroplating, reducing agent, chemical synthesis, laboratory reagent
Manufacturer/Supplier Details: Name, address, and emergency contact numbers required for operations; users need up-to-date local supplier information
Emergency Contact: Regional Poison Control Center, local emergency services number
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, category 4), skin irritation (category 2), eye irritation (category 2A), specific target organ toxicity (single exposure, category 3)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed; causes skin and eye irritation; may cause respiratory irritation
Hazard Symbols: Exclamation mark, corrosive pictogram
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust; wash skin thoroughly after handling; use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; wear eye and skin protection
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact
Potential Health Effects: Breathing fine dust can irritate airways and lungs; swallowing larger amounts affects the nervous system, circulatory system, and can lead to hypophosphite toxicity
Chemical Identity: Sodium Hypophosphite
Concentration: ≥98% (typical industrial grade)
Impurities: Trace sodium phosphate, sodium phosphite; water in monohydrate grade
CAS Number: 7681-53-0
Molecular Weight: 105.99 g/mol (anhydrous), 123.99 g/mol (monohydrate)
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; keep comfortable for breathing; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if possible; continue rinsing; seek immediate medical help if irritation or redness develops
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention; provide medical responders with product label or MSDS
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Irritation of respiratory tract, skin redness, burning or stinging in eyes, abdominal pain if swallowed; medical observation necessary if large amounts ingested
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam depending on the size of the fire; avoid using straight streams of water that might spread material
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use water jets directly on burning material
Special Hazards: Thermal decomposition releases toxic and irritating phosphorus oxides and possibly phosphine gas
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus are required
Firefighting Instructions: Move containers away from fire area if safe; water spray to cool unaffected containers; contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination
Explosion Hazards: Fine dust may form explosive mixtures with air; handle away from ignition sources
Other Information: Product decomposes on heating above 200 °C, releasing dangerous gases and potential for container rupture
Personal Precautions: Use appropriate personal protective equipment; avoid breathing dust or contact with skin and eyes; evacuate area if large spill
Environmental Precautions: Avoid runoff into drains, surface water and soil; warn authority if environmental contamination occurs
Containment: Stop leak if possible without personal risk; prevent spread of dust; carefully collect spill
Methods for Clean-Up: Sweep or vacuum up with non-sparking tools; place in a dry, closed container for proper disposal; wash spill area with water
Disposal: Label containers clearly; dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local and national regulations
Safe Handling: Avoid dust generation; handle with adequate ventilation; avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing; do not eat, drink or smoke during use
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, labeled containers; keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and acids
Special Precautions: Keep away from sources of ignition; ground/bond containers during transfer; use explosion-proof equipment in dusty environments; protect from moisture and water
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific international occupational exposure limit value; handle in line with general dust nuisance limits (<5 mg/m³, total inhalable dust)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust or full ventilation to control airborne dust; minimize the possibility of dust accumulation and static discharge
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety glasses with side-shields or chemical goggles; impermeable gloves (nitrile, PVC); protective clothing with long sleeves; dust mask or NIOSH-approved respirator if dust levels exceed guidelines
Other Protective Measures: Change contaminated work clothes; wash hands after handling; provide eye wash stations and safety showers in work areas
Appearance: White, crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH (aqueous solution, 5%): 6.5 – 8.0
Melting Point: 200 °C (decomposes)
Boiling Point/Range: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Flash Point: Not flammable as supplied
Evaporation Rate: Not relevant
Flammability: Dust may be combustible
Explosion Limits: No data; caution for fine dust in air
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Vapor Density: Not applicable
Relative Density (water=1): 1.5–1.7
Solubility in Water: >100 g/100 mL (20 °C), highly soluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in alcohol
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Decomposition Temperature: Above 200 °C; releases toxic phosphorus oxides, phosphine
Viscosity: Not applicable
Molecular Formula: NaPO2H2·H2O (monohydrate form)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal, dry conditions
Hazardous Reactions: Reaction with strong oxidizers may cause violent reactions, fires, or explosions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, sparks, moisture, static discharge
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, metal salts (may catalyze decomposition), moisture, water
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Phosphine gas, oxides of phosphorus and sodium
Polymerization: Not expected to occur
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LD50 oral (rat): 2,500 mg/kg; skin and eye irritation in animal studies
Chronic Exposure: No adequate long-term studies; repeated overexposure may affect liver, kidneys or lead to phosphorus-related toxicity
Symptoms of Overexposure: Headache, dizziness, nausea, irritation of mouth, throat and skin
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Mutagenicity: Not reported as mutagenic
Reproductive Toxicity: Not reported
Further Hazards: Exposure amplifies health risks for those with pre-existing skin, respiratory or kidney conditions
Ecotoxicity: Harmful in large quantities to aquatic organisms by altering oxygen balance in water; potential to disrupt aquatic life if released in volume
Persistence and Degradability: Readily soluble; may undergo slow chemical breakdown in the environment
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low; not expected to accumulate in food chains
Mobility in Soil: High mobility due to solubility in water, may contaminate groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Phosphorous contributes to nutrient overload in water, leading to algal blooms and reduction in water quality
Waste Disposal: This substance should be collected and disposed of as hazardous waste in accordance with local, state, and national regulations; do not allow to enter drains, water bodies or soil
Container Disposal: Containers should be emptied thoroughly, rinsed, and provided for professional recycling or disposal
Special Precautions: Do not mix with incompatible materials prior to disposal; avoid creating dust
Recycling: Seek possibilities with licensed chemical recyclers or hazardous waste contractors familiar with phosphorus chemistry
UN Number: 2819
Proper Shipping Name: Sodium hypophosphite
Transport Hazard Class: 4.2 (Substances liable to spontaneous combustion)
Packing Group: III
Label Requirements: Flammable solid
Special Transport Precautions: Package securely to prevent leaks and contamination; prevent contact with combustibles and oxidizers during transit
Additional Info: Follow all national and international transport regulations (DOT, IMDG, IATA)
Global Inventories: Listed in TSCA (US), EINECS (Europe), DSL (Canada), and other chemical inventories
Hazard Ratings: NFPA: Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 1
Labeling: Complies with GHS, OSHA hazard communication standards, and CLP (Europe); hazard pictograms and signal words required on shipments
SARA Title III (USA): Not listed as an Extremely Hazardous Substance
California Proposition 65: Not listed as a known carcinogen or reproductive toxicant
Other Regulations: Restricted from use in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing; users must comply with regional chemical safety requirements and restrictions
Workplace Training: Required to inform workers about handling, accident, and first aid procedures based on regulatory mandates
